Arthritis in dogs - Signs, Causes, and Treatments
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Arthritis is inflammation of the joints, which can be due to a variety of underlying causes. Dogs that are large or giant, overweight, or have developmental joint abnormalities are at an increased risk. A variety of management options are available, including weight control and joint supplements.
Table of contents
What is Arthritis?
Arthritis is inflammation of the joints, which can have multiple underlying causes. In dogs, osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis that vets diagnose. This progressive condition is frequently seen in older animals and large-breed dogs.
During the disease, the normal protective layer of cartilage found at the ends of the bones within the joint becomes worn away. This cartilage gradually becomes less smooth, and bone can rub against bone. This all leads to chronic pain, inflammation, and mobility issues.
What are the Symptoms & Signs of Arthritis in Dogs?
Early signs of arthritis in dogs
The following are symptoms of arthritis in dogs, which you must get checked out by a vet –
- Limping
- Stiffness, especially after resting
- Difficulty jumping up e.g. into a car or onto the sofa
- Muscle wastage
- Slowing down on walks or not wanting to play as much
- Changes in temperament due to underlying pain e.g. becoming withdrawn, less energetic, or more aggressive than usual
- Sitting in unusual positions or struggling to get comfortable
- Reacting when you handle them
- Licking or chewing at painful areas
As the disease advances you may also notice -
- Joint swelling
- Scuffing or uneven wear of their claws
- Toileting accidents in the house
What Causes Arthritis in Dogs?
Genetics
Some breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds , are more prone to joint disease than others. Hereditary developmental joint abnormalities like elbow dysplasia and hip dysplasia can also lead to early-onset arthritis in dogs. Screening tests are important to prevent these conditions from being passed on to offspring.
Obesity
Carrying excessive weight puts abnormal pressure on joints, contributing to wear and tear. Giant and large dogs are more at risk than small dogs for the same reason.
Injury or infection
Injury or infection in a joint can cause damage, leading to secondary osteoarthritis e.g. cranial cruciate ligament disease.
Types of Arthritis in Dogs
Osteoarthritis in dogs
The most common form of arthritis in dogs - sometimes referred to as degenerative joint disease (DJD). Gradual destruction of cartilage within the joint occurs alongside changes to the joint fluid, capsule and underlying bone. It is most associated with older pets but can be seen in dogs of all ages.
Septic Arthritis in dogs
This type of disease is caused by bacterial infection within a joint, often secondary to a penetrating wound. If this is not managed promptly then severe secondary osteoarthritis will occur.
Rheumatoid Arthritis in dogs
This is caused by the body’s immune system targeting major limb joints. This is a very destructive form of arthritis and affected animals often have a fever and severe generalised stiffness.
Others
Other forms of immune-mediated arthritis exist which can be linked with diseases like cancer or infection. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a very rare form of immune-mediated arthritis which can also affect other body systems like the kidneys, skin and brain.
Treatments for Arthritis in Dogs
Osteoarthritis cannot be cured but here are a variety of treatments available to help manage it, including –
- Pain relief such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Monoclonal antibody therapy
- Stem cell therapy
- Dietary changes and weight loss
- Joint supplements
- Exercise management
- Hydrotherapy or physiotherapy
- Surgery
- Alternative treatments for arthritis in dogs e.g. acupuncture
Managing Arthritis in Dogs
Home Adjustments for Comfort
Providing a more cushioned and supportive bed and easy access to food and water is essential. Placing non-slip rugs or carpets so they don’t struggle on slippery floors is a big help for many pets. You may need to lift your dog into the car or up and down steps or consider a ramp. Sensible, moderate exercise is also key to managing arthritis.
Natural Remedies
It is best to speak to your vet about management options for your pet as there are no natural cures for arthritis in dogs, but we do know that joint supplements can help. These are rich in glucosamine and chondroitin, essential for healthy cartilage. They also contain fatty acids like omega 3 which help to act as natural anti-inflammatories. These can reduce pain and increase quality of life in affected animals.
Can Arthritis Be Prevented?
Age-related wear and tear cannot be prevented altogether, but you can lessen the severity by keeping them at a healthy body weight and ensuring they are on a good quality, complete diet. Purchasing your dog from a reputable breeder will reduce their risk of developmental joint diseases and early onset arthritis.
Age-related wear and tear cannot be prevented altogether, but you can lessen the severity by keeping them at a healthy body weight and ensuring they are on a good quality, complete diet. Purchasing your dog from a reputable breeder will reduce their risk of developmental joint diseases and early onset arthritis.
Summary
Arthritis is a commonly diagnosed issue in dogs, especially as they age. A good diet, regular exercise and responsible breeding can help to reduce the risks. Years Meals are tailored to your dog’s size, age and health concerns, using ingredients like omega-3 rich green-lipped mussel to help with joint care and mobility.
If you have any questions then don’t hesitate to contact us, we’d love to hear from you!
FAQs
What are the first signs of arthritis in dogs?
Many owners report a change in their pet’s movements initially, such as limping, stiffness, reluctance to jump up or slowing down on walks.
At what age do dogs typically get arthritis?
50% of dogs are diagnosed with arthritis between the ages of 8 and 13 years, but it can start much earlier than this
What breeds are most prone to arthritis?
Any dog can suffer from arthritis, but it is common in large and giant breeds like Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, Great Danes, Newfoundlands and Rottweillers. This is due to the weight being placed on their joints as well as their increased risk of developmental abnormalities like hip dysplasia
About the author
Dr. Becky
Rebecca MacMillan – BVetMed BSAVA PGCertSAM MRCVS
Rebecca is a companion animal vet who graduated from the Royal Veterinary college in 2009. Since then, she has gained a wealth of experience in first opinion small animal practice, in both clinical and managerial roles. She currently works in the South West and deals with a variety of routine and emergency appointments, but particularly enjoys medicine cases. Outside of work, she enjoys spending time with her family, including her bouncy flat coated retriever, George!
